Ukwandisa Ucháneko ngeSoftware Yokukrola ye-CNC

Itekhnoloji yeComputer Numerical Control (CNC) ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo ezintsonkothileyo zokuvelisa kunye nobuchule bobugcisa. Icandelo lale tekhnoloji elibizwa ngokuba yi-CNC carving lenza ukuba amagcisa akwazi ukuguqula iidizayini zedijithali zibe zizinto eziphathekayo ngokuchaneka nokungaguquguquki okungenakuthelekiswa nanto. Kodwa amandla okwenene e-CNC carving afumaneka kwisoftware ephucukileyo elawula iintshukumo zeematshini, hayi kwiimatshini ngokwazo kuphela. Ukuphucula ukuchaneka nge-software yokukrola nge-CNC yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna ukuqondwa ngokupheleleyo kweempawu zayo kunye nendlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuyisebenzisa.

Inyathelo lokuqala ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kukuba uqonde ngokupheleleyo iingqikelelo ezisisiseko kunye neempawu zenkqubo. Yonke intalala, ukungena, kunye nokuhamba ngalinye kulawulwa yingqondo yedijithali yale muchini we-CNC, eguqula injongo yomntu ibe yimiyalelo efundeka kumatshini. Umsebenzi woDibaniso lwe-CAD/CAM. Ixesha elininzi, isoftware yokukrola ye-CNC isebenza njengenkqubo edityanisiweyo ye-CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing), okanye ubuncinci, yenza ukuba kubekho unxibelelwano olulula phakathi kwee-pakethe ezahlukeneyo ze-CAD neze-CAM.

Uyilo oluchanekileyo, sebenzisa i-CAD. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuqala umbono nokuyila ngedijithali into oyifunayo usebenzisa isoftware yoYilo oluNcediswa yiKhompyutha (CAD). Kweli nqanaba, ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu kuba naziphi na iimpazamo okanye ukungaqondakali kuya kuchaphazela yonke inkqubo yomsebenzi.

Abasebenzisi kufuneka bagxile koku kulandelayo. UkuGqibelela kweMilinganiselo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke imilinganiselo ichanekile kwaye ikwiintolero ezimiselwe kwangaphambili. Iiradiyasi, ii-engile, kunye nobunzulu kufuneka zonke zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukwenza iijiyometri ezicacileyo nezingathandabuzekiyo kwaziwa njenge-geometric fidelity. Iimpazamo kwisigaba esilandelayo se-CAM zinokubangelwa yimigca engqubanayo, iikonturo ezivulekileyo, okanye amaphepha angqubana ngawo. Iingqwalasela zeZinto: Ukuba kuyasebenza, qwalasela ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa kwento kuyilo, ingakumbi kwitho okanye kwiiplastiki ezibhekana notshintsho olukhulu lobushushu.

Ewe, nantsi isivakalisi esinikhonkco onokucofa kuso:

I-CAM yokuPhucula iiNdlela zeZixhobo. Imodeli ye-3D esuka kwinqanaba le-CAD iguqulwa yisoftware ye-Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) ibe yi-G-code, enokuqondwa ngumatshini we-CNC. Ukufumanisa iindlela zezixhobo—iindlela ezichanekileyo eziya kuthathwa sisixhobo sokunqunqa—lyinyathelo elibalulekileyo kule nkqubo. Iindlela Zokusebenzisa Iindlela Zesixhobo: Kufuneka iindlela ezithile zokusebenzisa iindlela zesixhobo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokukrola. Ngelixa imisebenzi yokugqibezela isenokusebenzisa iindlela ze-spiral, ze-raster, okanye ze-contouring, imisebenzi yokuqala isenokusebenzisa ukusika okunxuseneyo okanye i-pocketing.

Ugqibo lwomphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu kuchatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo kukukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo. Ukukhetha isixhobo sokunqamla (umz. ii-V-bits, ii-end mills, kunye nee-ball nose bits) kunempembelelo enkulu ekuchanekeni. Ukuze kuhambelane nezinto eziculiweyo kunye neenkcukacha ezijongweyo, izinto ezifana ne-diameter, inani lee-flute, kunye nendibanisela yezinto ezakha imathiriyeli kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo.

Iiparamitha ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokugaya sisantya se-spindle, okanye indlela esijikeleza ngayo ngokukhawuleza isixhobo, kunye nesantya sokutyisa, okanye indlela edlula ngayo ngokukhawuleza isixhobo kwimathiriyeli. Ngenxa yokugobeka kwemathiriyeli okanye ukushisa kakhulu, useto olungachanekanga lunokubangela iimpazamo kubungakanani, umphumo ongaphucukanga womphezulu, okanye ukwaphuka kwesixhobo. Iifomathi Zokufakwa Nokukhutshelwa Kwedatha.

Uchaneko luxhomekeke kudluliselo olugudileyo lwedatha phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesoftware. Kubalulekile ukuqonda iifomathi zeefayile eziqhelekileyo. Ulwazi lwe-raster nolwe-vector. Ukuze wenze i-carving kwi-2D nakwi-2.5D, idatha ye-vector (e.

I-g. ithandwa ngenxa yokuchaneka kwayo kwezibalo (DXF, SVG, AI). Iinkcukacha ze-raster (umz. I-g. JPG, PNG) zineepikseli ngokwendalo yazo, nto leyo ezenza zingafaneleki kangako ekukrolweni ngokuthe ngqo, ngaphandle kokuba ziguqulwe zize zenziwe zibe yi-vector, nto leyo enokongeza uqikelelo oluthile.

Izakhiwo zeModeli ze-3D.

Iifomathi ezifana ne-OBJ (Wavefront OBJ), i-STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product model data), kunye ne-STL (Standard Tessellation Language) zisetyenziswa rhoqo ekukrolweni kwe-3D yokwenene. Nangona isetyenziswa kakhulu, i-STL imele amaphepha njengomnatha wee-triangles, kwaye ubunzulu balo mnatha bumisela ukuba ichaneke kangakanani na. Ubungakanani befayile obukhulu kodwa umboniso ochaneke ngakumbi ziziphumo zoxinano oluphezulu. Imboniso ethembeke ngakumbi nechanekileyo yemifuziselo eqinileyo inikwa zii-fayile ze-STEP. Ngaphaya kokuqonda okuyisisiseko, iindlela ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo kwisoftware yokukrola ye-CNC zinokunyusa kakhulu ukuchaneka.

ukuphucula imisebenzi yokusila kunye neendlela zezixhobo. Uchaneko kunye nomgangatho womphezulu womveliso ogqityiweyo zichatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo yindlela iindlela zezixhobo ezenziwa ngayo kwaye zisetyenziswe ngayo. Ukuqala ukugrumba (Roughing) kunye nokucoca okuziqhelanisayo. Iindlela zokucoca eziziqhelanisayo ziyafumaneka kwi-software ye-CAM yanamhlanje, etshintsha indlela yesixhobo ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuxhomekeke ekubambeni kwezinto ezisetyenzwayo. Le ndlela igcina umthwalo we-chip ungaguquguquki ngelixa inciphisa ukuguga kwesixhobo, yonyusa isantya sokususwa kwezinto ezisetyenzwayo, kwaye idale umphezulu ogudileyo ngokulinganayo nakwangoku kuqaliswa ukugrumba, zonke ezi zinto zinceda kwiipasi zokugqibezela. Ipas yokuqala ukugrumba egudileyo ivela kumthwalo we-chip ongaguquguqukiyo, nto leyo enciphisa ukuthetha-thetha (chatter) kwaye imise ukugobeka kwesixhobo.

Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwisixhobo: Kwandisa ubude bobomi besixhobo kwaye kunciphisa amathuba okwaphuka, ingakumbi kwizixhobo ezincinci okanye ezibuthathaka. Uchane olungakumbi lufunyanwa ngokususa imathiriyeli efanayo ngakumbi, nto leyo eshiya imathiriyeli encinci kumjikelo wokugqibezela. Ulawulo lwe-Stepover neendlela zokugqibezela. Iinkcukacha zokugqibela kunye nomgangatho womphezulu zifunyanwa ngexesha lemisebenzi yokugqibezela. Ukukhetha ubuchule bokugqibezela kunye nolawulo olucophelelayo lwe-stepover—isithuba esiphakathi kokudlula okulandelelanayo kwezixhobo zokucheba—kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ugqibo lwe-Contour xa luthelekiswa ne-Raster: Ugqibo lwe-Contour, olulandela imilo yemodeli, luhlala luvelisa ugqibo oluhle ngakumbi kumaphepha ajijekileyo. Kwisigqibo se-raster kusetyenziswa ukudlula okunxuseneyo, okunokukhawuleza kodwa kunokubangela iimpawu zesixhobo ezibonakalayo kwezinye iijometri. I-Stepover Encinci: Nangona ithatha ixesha elide ukusebenza, i-stepover encinci iphucula kakhulu umgangatho wendawo kunye nokuchaneka kobungakanani.

Kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa ulwalamano phakathi kwesitepo, ububanzi besixhobo, kunye nokurhabaxa okucetywayo kwephepha. Ukugqibezela kwe-Z-Level: Ukugqibezela kwe-Z-level kuqinisekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobunzulu kumaleko ngamnye kwiidizayini ezinamaleko, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kwiimifanekiso eziqingqiweyo ze-3D ezintsonkothileyo. Ukulungelelaniswa kweRampu kunye nokuNgena/okuPhuma. Umgangatho wephepha nobomi besixhobo kunokuchatshazelwa yindlela isixhobo esingena nesiphuma ngayo kwimathiriyeli, kwakunye nendlela esihla ngayo kubunzulu.

Iirampu Ezithambileyo: Ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwimathiriyeli ngokunyuka kancinci endaweni yokutsiba ngokuthe nkqo kunciphisa ukothuka komatshini nesixhobo, kukuthintela ukugobeka kwaye kuphucula umgangatho wokusika kokuqala. Iiarcs Zokuqalisa Nokuqhagamshela: Ukuphepha utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwezikhokelo olunokushiya imikrwelo kumsebenzi, sebenzisa iiarcs ezithe nkqo kwiintshukumo zokuqalisa nezokuqhagamshela. Iimeko Ezithile Ngokwemathiriyeli. Ubushushu namandla okusika zinempembelelo eyahlukileyo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Iiparamitha zesoftware yokukrola ye-CNC zinokulungiswa ukuze zilungele izinto ezithile.

Iinkuni eziqinileyo xa zithelekiswa neenkuni ezithambileyo. Iinkuni (umz. (g). Iinkuni ezithambileyo (umz., i-oak, i-maple) zifuna isantya esiphezulu se-spindle kunye nesantya sokutyisa esicothayo ukunqanda ukukrazuka nokutsha. “g.”.

ipayini, isidara) zikholisa ukwaphuka nangona zikwazi ukumelana nezantya eziphezulu zokutyisa. IiComposites neePlastiki. Ubushushu obuvela kukukhuhlana kufuneka bulawulwe ngononophelo xa kukrolwa iiplastiki ukuthintela ukunamathela okanye ukunyibilika. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezinemigca ehonjisiweyo neeemilo ezithile zisetyenziswa rhoqo.

Izinto ezidityanisiweyo (umz. Ukuthintela ukwahlukana kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo nokuguga kakhulu kwesixhobo, izinto ezifana ne-carbon fiber kunye ne-fiberglass zifuna izixhobo ezibukhali kakhulu kwaye zihlala zifuna iicoating ezikhethekileyo. i-metal. Izixhobo eziqinileyo, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokukhupha iichips ukuphepha ukusikwa kwakhona nokuqokelela kobushushu, kunye namaqhinga okupholisa (adla ngokulawulwa yi-software ye-CNC) zonke ziyimfuneko xa kusetyenzwa iimetali. Zombini ingqinisekiso kunye nesimulation. Ulinganiso olwenziwe ngekhompyutha lwenkqubo yokukrola linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuphucula ukuchaneka phambi kokuba kusetyenziswe izinto ezixabisekileyo kunye nexesha lokusebenza ngomatshini.

Ukubonwa kweendlela zezixhobo. Uninzi lwesoftware yokukrola ye-CNC ibonelela ngokubonwa kweendlela zezixhobo okukumgangatho ophezulu, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba babone indlela echanekileyo esiza kuyithatha isixhobo. Oku kunceda ekufumaneni ukungqubana okunokwenzeka, iintshukumo ezingasebenzi kakuhle, okanye iindawo apho isixhobo sinokungasebenzi njengoko bekucwangcisiwe. Ulinganiso lokuSuswa kweZinto. Imboniselo yokwenyani yento ekugqibeleni ikrolweyo inikwa zizixhobo zolinganiso eziphucukileyo ezenza imbonakalo yezinto ngendlela esiya kuzisusa ngayo isixhobo sokunqunqa. Oku kwenza: kwenzeke.

Ukufumana iimeko apho isixhobo okanye umphathi wesixhobo sinokungqubana neeklampu, izixhobo zokubamba, okanye umsebenzi ngokwawo, kubizwa ngokuba kukufunyanwa kokungqubana. Uhlalutyo lwezinto eziseleyo: Kugxininiswa kwiindawo apho kusale khona izinto ezigqithisileyo okanye apho i-feature ingacocwanga ngokupheleleyo sisixhobo. Uqikelelo lomgangatho wokugqibela womphezulu ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zesixhobo ezikhethiweyo kunye neeparamitha zomatshini kubizwa ngokuba luqikelelo lokugqitywa komphezulu. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-G-code. Iimpazamo ezinokungabonakali kwiisimulasini zomfanekiso zingafunyanwa ngokuthelekisa ngokuthe ngqo i-G-code eyenziweyo nemodeli yokuqala ye-CAD.

Ezinye iinkqubo zikwazi nokwenza “i-back-plotting,” evumela uthelekiso oluchanekileyo noyilo olujolisiweyo ngokusebenzisa i-G-code ukwenza kwakhona iindlela zezixhobo. Nangona kukho iisetingi zesoftware ezifanelekileyo, imeko yokwenyani yematshini ye-CNC yenza kube yimfuneko ingqwalasela eqhubekayo kwiinkcukacha ezifana nokulungiswa kwemveliso emva kokusebenza okubuchule kunye nokulinganisa. Uqwalaselo Lwematshini Nokulinganisa. Imeko elinganisiweyo yematshini ye-CNC ngokwayo idlala indima enkulu ekuchaneni; ayisiyondlela yomsebenzi wesoftware kuphela.

Ukulinganisa nokuHamba kweSpindle. Ukuze ufumane ubunzulu bokugrumba obuhlala bungaguquguquki kwaye uphephe imingxuma egobileyo okanye amaphepha angalinganiyo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwe-spindle (ukungazinzi) kwaye uqinisekise ukuba i-spindle imi ngqo ngokunembileyo kwindawo yokusebenzela (ukulinganisa). Isoftware inokunceda ngokunika iinkqubo zokulinganisa okanye ngokuncedisa umsebenzisi kwinkqubo yokulinganisa. Ukulungiswa kwe-Axes.

Ukulungelelanisa ngokuchanekileyo ii-axes ze-X, Y, ne-Z kuqinisekisa ukuba iintshukumo ziyahambelana nemigama echaziweyo. Ukubeka ngokuchanekileyo kukwaxhomekeke kwisilungiso se-backlash, apho isoftware ithathela ingqalelo ukudlala komatshini kwii-lead screws. Ukucinezela nokuzinzisa iziqwenga zomsebenzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuchanekeneni yindlela esiqwenga somsebenzi esibotshelelwa ngayo.

Iimpazamo ziya kwenzeka ngenxa yalo naluphi na ukuhamba okwenzekayo ngexesha lokukrola. Isoftware inganceda ngokulungelelanisa ubuchule bokubamba ukuze kwandiswe ukuqina, okanye ngoyilo lwezixhobo zokubamba ezenziwe ngokweemfuno. Ujongano lomatshini kunye nokulungiswa kwemisebenzi emva kokusebenza.

Phakathi kwe-software ye-CAM kunye nesilawuli somatshini we-CNC othile, i-“post-processor” isebenza njengokudibanisa. Iguqula idatha eqhelekileyo yendlela yesixhobo ibe lulwimi oluchanekileyo lwe-G-code olunokuqondwa ngumatshini. Ii-post-processor ezizodwa.

Ii-post-processor ezenziwe ngokukodwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile kunye namandla oomatshini be-CNC abathile kunye nezilawuli zawo zineenzuzo kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ezifana nezitshintshi zezixhobo, ii-axis ezijikelezayo, kunye nemiyalelo ethile ye-spindle ziye zathathisiswa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukulawula iimpazamo kunye nokuphucula ikhowudi. I-post-processor ecwangciswe kakuhle inokubandakanya iinkqubo zokujonga iimpazamo ukuphepha iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo nokuphucula i-G-code evelisweyo ukuze umatshini usebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kulandelayo kuyabandakanywa.

Ukususa imiyalelo engabalulekanga enokuthintela ukuqhutywa komsebenzi kubizwa ngokuba “kukususwa kwekhowudi engabalulekanga.” Uguqulo lwe-Arc lube yi-Line: Kwiilawuli ezindala ezinokuba nobunzima ekwenzeni i-interpolation ye-arc ngokuchanekileyo, le nkqubo iguqula ii-arcs ezinzima zibe nguluhlu lweentshukumo ezimfutshane ezithe nkqo. Izilumkiso ezikhethekileyo zeMatshini: Ukwazisa umqhubi ngobunzima obunokubakho phambi kokuba umatshini aqalise ukusebenza.

Ubuchule namava omsebenzisi ongumntu zisabaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka, nokuba kukho amandla esoftware. Ukufunda Okungapheliyo nokuGuquguquka. Isofthiwe yokukrola ye-CNC ngumkhakha osoloko utshintsha.

Ukuze bahlale benolwazi lwamva nje ngezinto ezintsha, uhlaziyo lwesoftware, kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokusebenza, abaqhubi kufuneka bazibophelele ekufundeni ubomi babo bonke. Izinto ezintsha kunye nohlaziyo lwesoftware. Uhlaziyo lwesoftware rhoqo luqinisekisa ukufikelela kwii-algorithms zamva nje, izicwangciso ze-toolpath, kunye nokulungiswa kweziphene—ezininzi kuzo ziquka uphuculo ekuchaneni nasekusebenzeni ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuzibandakanya noluntu. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwiiforam ze-intanethi, kumaqela abasebenzisi, nakwiindibano zoqeqesho, abaqhubi bokuqhuba iimatshini banokusombulula iingxaki, bafunde kumava abanye, baze bafumane iindlela ezintsha zokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuchaneka okuphezulu. Ukuhlola nokulungisa iingxaki. Iingxaki ezingalindelekanga zinokuvela nokuba unayo eyona matshini isoftware igqwesileyo. Ukukwazi ukuqaphela iingxaki nokufumana izisombululo ezisebenzayo kubalulekile. Ukufumanisa izizathu ezingundoqo.

Xa kuvela iingxaki zokuchaneka, umsebenzisi kufuneka ahlolisise ngononophelo inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo, ukusukela kuyilo, ekudalweni kwendlela yesixhobo, ukuya kutsho ekusebenzeni komatshini, ukuze afumane unobangela. Ukuhlola iifayile zoyilo, iinkcazelo zezixhobo, iiparamitha zokugaya, okanye ukulinganisa umatshini kusenokufuneka ukuze kwenziwe oku. Ukuphuculwa kwenziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kuhlala iyinkqubo yokuphindaphinda ukuze kufikelelwe ekuchanekeni okupheleleyo.

Abasebenzisi kufuneka balungele ukwenza utshintsho oluncinci, baluvavanye, bahlolisise iziphumo, baze baphucule isicwangciso sabo de kufikelelwe kwinqanaba elifunekayo lokuchaneka. Ukusebenzisa isoftware yokukrola ye-CNC ukwandisa ukuchaneka yinkqubo ebanzi edibanisa iimpawu zesoftware eziphucukileyo nokumiswa ngenyameko komatshini kunye nolwazi oluxabiseke kakhulu lomsebenzisi. Ngokuqonda okunzulu kwemigaqo ye-CAD/CAM, ukusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso eziphucukileyo ze-toolpath, ukulinganisa umsebenzi ngononophelo, kunye nokulinganisa umatshini okungenasiphako, abayili banokutyhala imida yento enokwenziwa kwaye baguqulele ngokuchanekileyo imibono yedijithali ibe zizinto eziphathekayo. Isofthiwe yokukrola ye-CNC sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yanamhlanje nakubu bugcisa, kwaye uphuhliso lwayo oluqhubekayo luthembisa ulawulo olungakumbi kunye nokuchaneka okungakumbi.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni isoftware yokukrola ye-CNC?

Isoftware yokukrola ye-CNC yinkqubo yekhompyutha esetyenziselwa ukwenza iidizayini kunye neendlela zezixhobo (toolpaths) kwiimatshini zokukrola ze-CNC (Computer Numerical Control). Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bayile kwaye balawule iimodeli ze-3D, benze iindlela zezixhobo, kwaye balawule inkqubo yokukrola.

Isebenza njani isoftware yokukrola ye-CNC?

Isoftware yokukrola ye-CNC isebenza ngokuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bangenise okanye benze iimodeli ze-3D, bachaze iindlela zezixhobo, kwaye benze imiyalelo ye-G-code enokuqondwa ngumatshini we-CNC. Le software inika ujongano olulula ukusebenzisa lokuyila nokulawula inkqubo yokukrola.

Zeziphi iimpawu zesoftware yokukrola ye-CNC?

Isoftware yokukrola ye-CNC idla ngokuba neempawu ezifana nezixhobo zokwenza imifuziselo ye-3D, ukudalwa kwendlela yesixhobo, amandla okulinganisa, iilayibrari zezinto zokusebenza nezixhobo, kunye nokuhambelana noomatshini abohlukeneyo be-CNC. Ezinye iisoftware zikwabonelela ngeempawu eziphucukileyo ezifana nokuphuculwa okuzenzekelayo kwendlela yesixhobo kunye nokusebenza kwe-multi-axis.

Zeziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa isoftware yokukrola ye-CNC?

Ukusebenzisa isoftware yokukrola ye-CNC kuvumela ukukrolwa okuchanekileyo nokusebenzayo kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo, kunciphisa umngcipheko weempazamo, kwaye kwenza ukuba kwenziwe imikrolo entsonkothileyo nechanekileyo. Ikwenza lula inkqubo yoyilo nemveliso, konga ixesha kwaye yonyusa imveliso.

Zeziphi ezinye zezona software zidumileyo zokukrola nge-CNC?

Ezinye iinketho ezidumileyo zesoftware yokukrola ye-CNC ziquka i-Vectric Aspire, i-Autodesk Fusion 360, i-ArtCAM, kunye ne-Easel by Inventables. Ezi pakethe zesoftware zibonelela ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye namandla okwenza izinto ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi abohlukeneyo, ukusuka kubathandi bezinto ezingeyomsebenzi ukuya kubo Abakhandi bemithi abaziingcali nabavelisi.