Ukukrola nge-CNC xa kuthelekiswa nokuKrola iMithi kweSintu: Uthelekiso

Kuyo yonke imbali, ubugcisa bakudala bokuloba iinkuni buhlangabezane neenguqu ezimangalisayo, buqhubela phambili ukusuka kwizixhobo ezilula kuye koomatshini obuntsonkothileyo. Phakathi kwezi nkqubela, ukwaziswa kwezobuchwepheshe beComputer Numerical Control (CNC) kudale umahluko onika umdla kwiindlela zakudala zokukrola iinkuni. Nangona zombini ezi ndlela zijolise ekudaleni iipateni ezintsonkothileyo ekuqolweni, zahluke kakhulu ngeendlela zazo, izakhono, kunye neemveliso zazo zokugqibela. Eli nqaku liphonononga iingenelo, iingxaki, kunye nomahluko omncinci phakathi kokukrola iinkuni ngokwesiqhelo kunye nokukrola nge-CNC.

Ubugcisa bokukrola iinkuni besintu, obudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, busekelwe kwitalente yomntu, ingqiqo, kunye nokuqonda okunzulu ngento esetyenziswayo. Usebenzisa izixhobo ezikhokelayo ukubumba nokugqibezela imilo, umkroli usebenza ngqo ngeenkuni ngesandla. Isandla soMkroli.

Ukukrola iinkuni ngokwesiqhelo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwisakhono somkroli ngamnye. Ukuqonda ngokwendalo ngomkhondo wemithi, inkcaso yayo, nobuhle bendalo beplanga sisiphumo seminyaka emininzi yokuziqhelanisa. Lo mbandelwano usondeleyo wenza kube lula ukwenza utshintsho ngequbuliso kunye nokuguquguquka koyilo, into ekholisa ukuba ngumceli-mngeni ukuyiphinda-phinda ngomatshini. Iindlela Nezixhobo. Abakroli besintu basebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zokukrola ngesandla, isinye nesinye sinomsebenzi waso owahlukileyo.

Imimese, iigawu, iimatshe, kunye neetshizili zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo ukubumba iinkcukacha ezintsonkothileyo nokususa izinto. Indlela kunye nokukhethwa kwezixhobo zinempembelelo ngqo kwimvakalelo kunye nobuntu bokubumba. Kufuneka ube nolwazi olunzulu lwejometri yomda kunye nokuphathwa ngononophelo ukuze ufumane iintlobo ngeentlobo zokunqamla, ukusuka kwiikhowudi ezigudileyo ukuya kwimigca ebukhali. Ulwazi Lwenkcukacha.

Ewe, nantsi isivakalisi esinikhonkco onokucofa kuso:

Ndinomdla wokufunda ngakumbi ngezixhobo zokukrola iinkuni nge-CNC, kwaye unokuzifumana. Apha:

Uqondayo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto lomthi ngokwawo luyaphuhliswa ngumkroli wemveli. Bafumana isakhono sokufunda imicu yomthi, beqaphela iindawo ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo, iingqiniba, kunye nobuthathaka obunokubakho. Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni ukuqhekeka nokuphuka, kwakunye nokusebenzisa iimpawu zomthi zendalo ukuphucula inkangeleko yomkrolo. Inkqubo yokukrola kunye nemveliso egqityiweyo ziphenjelelwa kakhulu luhlobo lomthi olukhethiweyo, iminyaka yawo, kunye nendlela owomisiwe ngayo.

Uphuhliso olutsha kwicandelo lokusebenza ngomthi, ukukrola nge-CNC kusebenzisa oomatshini abazisebenzelayo neekhompyutha ukuvelisa iziphumo ezichaneke kakhulu nezifanayo. Oku kubonakalisa utshintsho olukhulu ukusuka kumsebenzi wezandla ukuya ekwenziweni ngokuzenzekelayo. Indlela yokuhamba komsebenzi kunye noyilo lwedijithali. Uhambo lokukrola nge-CNC luqala kwihlabathi ledijithali. Ukuze bavele iimodeli ezinemilinganiselo emithathu zokukrola abakufunayo, abayili basebenzisa isoftware ekhethekileyo efana ne-CAD (Computer-Aided Design) kunye ne-CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing).

Phambi kokuba kuphathwe naziphi na izinto zokwenene, olu lwakhiwo lwedijithali luvumela iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo, uhlengahlengiso luyilo oluphindaphindiweyo, kunye nokubonwa ngokupheleleyo kwemveliso egqityiweyo. Uchaneko lwento eqingqiweyo lunxulumene ngqo nochaneko lwezi modeli zedijithali. Umsebenzi we-G-Code. Isofthiwe ye-CAM iguqula imodeli yedijithali egqityiweyo ibe yi-G-code, ulwimi lwenkqubo olwalathisa iintshukumo zomatshini we-CNC. Le khowudi ilawula ubunzulu, isantya, kunye nendlela yezixhobo zokucheba, iqinisekisa ukuba umatshini wenza uyilo ngokuchaneka nokungaguquguquki okungenakuthelekiswa nanto.

Inkqubo yonke yokukrola ilawulwa yi-G-code, apho umgca ngamnye umele isenzo esithile. Izixhobo neMisebenzi ezenzekelayo. I-spindle ebamba iibits zokucheba ezahlukeneyo ezinokutshintshwa yinto eqhelekileyo koomatshini be-CNC. Njengeetshili eziqhelekileyo, ezi bits ziza ngeesayizi neemilo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa inkqubo yomatshini ilawula yonke inkalo yentshukumo yazo. Iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo neenkcukacha ezincinci kakhulu zinokukrolwa ngaphandle koncedo lomntu ngenxa yokutshintsha kwezixhobo okwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo komatshini.

Le nkqubo yokuzenzekelayo inciphisa amathuba ephutha lomntu kwaye yehlisa kakhulu imfuno yamandla omzimba yomsebenzisi. Omnye wemihluko ecacileyo phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini yindlela ezisebenza ngayo kwiiprojekthi zobugcisa ezizodwa xa kuthelekiswa nemveliso enkulu, ephindaphindwayo. Ukuwahluka kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngobuchule. Xa kuziwa ekwenzeni izinto ezizodwa, ukukrola umthi ngesandla kuyagqwesa.

Ukumila ngakunye kubonisa uphawu olukhethekileyo lwesandla sommi, lubonisa indlela yakhe eyodwa, isitayile, kunye nentlhalutyo yakhe yobugcisa. Nokuba azijonganga, iimpazamo ezincinci zihlala zongeza kubuntu kunye nokwenyani kwesi siqwenga, zisenza sibe yeyakho ngokwenene. Icandelo elingundoqo lokutsala umdla kobugcisa balo bubu bukhethekileyo bendalo. Ibali kunye notyalo-mali lobuqu.

Ukukrola kwesintu yinkqubo ethatha ixesha kwaye inzima, edla ngokunika umveliso wokugqibela ibali elibucala kakhulu. Ubunzima bomkroli, iimpumelelo zakhe, nokuzinikela kwakhe kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yebali lento, nto leyo eyonyusa ixabiso layo lemvakalelo kunye nonxibelelwano lombonisi nayo. Xa kuthelekiswa impendulo yeemvakalelo zezinto zemveli xa zithelekiswa nezenziwe ngoomatshini, olu tyalo-mali lobuqu luyinto ebalulekileyo eyahlukisayo. Zombini ukungaguquguquki kunye nokuphinda kwenziwe. Ngokwendalo yayo, ukukrola nge-CNC kulungele kakhulu ukuveliswa ngobuninzi kunye nokufezekisa ukuphinda kwenziwe okungenasiphako.

Nokuba zingaphi na izikrozo ezifanayo zinokwenziwa ngomgangatho ongaguquguqukiyo nembono echanekileyo xa uyilo lwedijithali selulungisiwe kakuhle. Xa kuveliswa iinxalenye, iinkcukacha zoyilo lwezakhiwo, okanye izinto zokuhombisa ezifuna ubungakanani neenkcukacha ezifanayo kumacandelo aliqela, obu buchule busebaluleke kakhulu. Isiphumo esifanayo siqinisekiswa kukungadinwa komatshini nokungazamazami kwesandla. Ukukwazi ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nesantya. Ngokuphathelele isantya nokukwazi ukukhula, ukukrola nge-CNC kunika iinzuzo ezinkulu kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu okanye xa kuxinene ngexesha.

Ngexesha elithathwa ngumkroli wemveli ukugqiba isiqwenga esinye, umatshini omnye osebenza ngokuqhubekayo unokuvelisa izinto ezininzi. Olu khuseleko lwenza ukukrola nge-CNC kube lukhetho olukhethwayo kusetyenziso lwezorhwebo apho isixa esikhulu kunye nokuhanjiswa ngexesha kubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona zombini ezi ndlela zikwazi ukwenza iidizayini ezintsonkothileyo, iindlela zazo zokusombulula le ngxaki zineenzuzo nezingeloncedo ezahlukeneyo.

Imiqobo yezandla. Ukukrola kwesiqhelo, nangona kunokwenza iinkcukacha ezimangalisayo, ekugqibeleni kuthintelwa yimiqobo yomzimba wesandla somntu kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo. Kunokuba nzima kwaye kuthathe ixesha ukwenza rhoqo imigca emincinci kakhulu, iijiko ezilinganayo ngokugqibeleleyo, okanye ukusikwa okuntsonkothileyo okungaphantsi; le misebenzi isoloko ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezakhono ezingaqhelekanga. Iinkcukacha zayo zineempawu zokwenyani ngenxa yokwahluka kwendalo koxinzelelo lwesandla kunye nentshukumo yaso.

Uchannelo kwezibalo. Xa kuziwa ekudaleni iinkcukacha ezintsonkothe kakhulu nezichanekileyo ngejometri, ukukrola nge-CNC kugqwesa. Imigca emincinci kakhulu, ii-engile ezibukhali, kunye neemilo ezintsonkothileyo ezinemacala amathathu ebeziya kuba phantse zingenakwenzeka ukwenziwa ngesandla, zenzeka ngenxa yokukwazi komatshini ukulandela iikhowudi zedijithali ezichanekileyo. Kuyimayileyo ezifuna ukulingana okuchanekileyo okanye imida engqongqo yokunyanyezela, olu luhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lwezibalo luncedo ngokukodwa.

Iindawo ezisikwe ngaphantsi kunye neeziphumele ngaphandle. Oomatshini be-CNC bale mihla, ingakumbi abo bane-axes ezininzi (umz. oomatshini be-5-axis), bayakwazi ukuvelisa iindawo eziphumele ngaphandle kunye neesikwe ngaphantsi ezintsonkothileyo, ebeziya kuba nzima kakhulu, ukuba ayinakwenzeka, ukuba umkroli oqhelekileyo angazenza ngaphandle kokuchitha isixa esikhulu sesixhobo okanye ukusebenzisa iindlela ezifuna ubuchule obuphezulu, njengokudibanisa nokukrola iziqwenga ezininzi. Inkqubo yokwenziwa ngokwasemzimbeni yenza lula kakhulu ngenxa yamandla emodeli yedijithali okubala ezi jiyometri zintsonkothileyo.

Isigqibo phakathi kokukrola nge-CNC neendlela eziqhelekileyo sibandakanya izinto ezibalulekileyo zezoqoqosho nezokusingqongileyo ukongeza kwiingqwalasela zobugcisa nezobuchwepheshe. Iindleko zokusebenza notyalo-mali lokuqala. Kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bayo, ii-axes, kunye nezakhono zayo, umatshini we-CNC okumgangatho ophezulu unokufuna utyalo-mali lokuqala lwamawaka aliqela ukuya kumakhulu amawaka eedola. Ukongeza kumatshini ngokwawo, le ndleko iquka ulondolozo oluqhubekayo kunye nesoftware efunekayo ye-CAD/CAM.

Kodwa xa sele isebenza, iindleko zabasebenzi kwisitya ngasinye zinokuba zimbalwa kakhulu kunokuhlawula umkroli wemveli oyingcali, ingakumbi kwimisebenzi ephindaphindwayo. Uqeqesho nokufunyanwa kwezakhono. Ukuqonda okunzulu kobugcisa, iminyaka yokuzilolonga ngokuzinikela, kunye nokukhokelwa kuyimfuneko ukuze ube ngumkroli wemithi wesintu onobuchule. Yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo, eyenziwa kancinci kancinci yokufunda izakhono ezitsha edlula rhoqo kubufundi. Kwelinye icala, ukusebenzisa umatshini we-CNC kufuna uqeqesho kwisoftware nasekusebenziseni umatshini, olunokufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, nangona amava esafuneka ukuze ube yingcali kwiindlela eziphucukileyo.

Ukusebenza Kakuhle Nokuchithwa Kwezinto Zokusebenza. Xa kusenziwa ulungiso okanye kuqingqiwa iimilo ezintsonkothileyo kwiibhloko eziqinileyo, uqingsqo lwemveli ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela ukuchithwa okukhulu kwezinto zokusebenza. Indlela yoqingsqo lokususa izinto ngesandla isenokungachaneki kangako kulawulo lokuchitha, nangona abaqingqi abaziingcali bezama ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ngezindlela ezichanekileyo zezixhobo kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa izinto zokusebenza eziphuculweyo, uqingsqo lwe-CNC lusoloko lunciphisa inkunkuma ngokucwangcisa kakuhle ukusikwa kwaye mhlawumbi lusebenzise izinto ezincinci zokusebenza kwizixhobo ezithile. Impembelelo Kokusingqongileyo Nokusetyenziswa Kwamandla. Oomatshini abakhulu basemkhenikheni banokufuna amandla amaninzi, kwaye oomatshini be-CNC badinga umbane ukuze basebenze.

Amandla asetyenziswayo ekwenziweni koomatshini kunye nokulahla iinxalenye ze-elektroniki ekupheleni kobomi bazo obuncedo nawo ayabandakanywa kwimpembelelo kokusingqongileyo. Ngokubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla ngexesha lenkqubo yokukrola, ukukrola kwesiqhelo kudla ngokuba nomthwalo omncinci wekhabhoni, nangona kusafuna amandla omntu. Ukuze kubekho uthelekiso olupheleleyo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo zokuveliswa kwezixhobo, njengokuveliswa kwentsimbi yezixhobo zokukrola. Ngaphaya kweenkalo zobuchwepheshe, iimpawu zokugqibela zokuchukumisa kunye nobuhle bento ekrolweyo zihlala zitshintsha kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela indlela umsebenzi othile owabonwa ngayo kwaye uxatyiswe ngayo.

Okwendalo xa kuthelekiswa neKlinikhi. Ukukrola okqhelekileyo kudla ngokuba nenkangeleko yendalo, “eqingqiweyo ngesandla”. Abantu abaninzi bayayifumana inomtsalane le nkangeleko yayo ikhethekileyo nobuhle bayo ngenxa yomahluko ongacacanga kwizimpawu zezixhobo, ukungalingani okuncinci kwamaphepha, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo zomzamo womntu. Olu phawu lwendalo lubonakalisa ukubandakanyeka komntu kwaye lunika lo msebenzi imvakalelo yobubele nobunyaniso. Ubumbe bomphezulu kunye nokugqitywa kwawo.

Kuxhomekeke kwinjongo yomkroli kunye neendlela zokugqibezela, umkrolo wemveli unokuba neendlela ezininzi zokugqitywa komphezulu, ukusuka ekubeni gud' kwaye ukhanyisiwe ukuya kwezinobume obunzulu nobuqinileyo. Iimpawu zezixhobo zihlala zishiywa ngenjongo yokongeza kubuntu bomsebenzi kwaye zinike ubungqina obuchukumisekayo nobonakalayo benkqubo yokukrola. ukufana nokugqibelela.

Kwelinye icala, imisebenzi yokukrola nge-CNC idla ngokuba nomphumo ogudileyo, ongaguquguqukiyo. Kuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso sendlela yesixhobo kunye nebhithi esetyenzisiweyo, ukuchaneka komatshini kuqinisekisa amaphepha agudileyo ngokugqibeleleyo, iikhravu ezifanayo, kunye neendlela zokwakheka ezifanayo kwizinto ezininzi. Abanye abagxeki bathi olu nqanaba lokugqibelela ngamanye amaxesha lunokudala inkangeleko “yokungabikho mdla” okanye engenamphefumlo, engenaso isimilo esahlukileyo sesinto eyenziwe ngesandla, nangona oku kunokunqweneleka kakhulu kwezinye iimeko. Ukubaluleka kweziphene.

Iiphene ezincinci ekukrolweni kwesintu zibonwa ngabaqokeleli abaninzi kunye neengcali njengeempawu zobunyaniso, ubungqina bemizamo yomntu, kunye nomboniso wobuchule bomkroli, kunokuba zibonwe njengeziphene. Le micimbi ifihlakeleyo yongeza ekwahlukeni kwento nganye kwaye isoloko ibaluleke kakhulu kwixabiso layo lobugcisa elibonwayo. Ukukrola iinkuni kwesintu kunye nokukrola nge-CNC azichasani, nangona zisoloko ziboniswa ngokungathi ziyachasana.

Enyanisweni, kukho umkhwa okhulayo wobugcisa bokwenza ngezandla wokwamkela zombini ezi ndlela, kusetyenziswa iingenelo zazo nganye ukuphucula ubugcisa babo. Amacebo adityanisiweyo. Ngokusebenzisa oomatshini be-CNC ukuqhobosha iinkuni ngokuchanekileyo, ukwenza iipateni ezintsonkothileyo eziphindaphindwayo, okanye ukugaya umsebenzi wokuqala weemilo ezintsonkothileyo, abakhandi beenkuni banamhlanje abaninzi bamkela iindlela ezidibanisiweyo. Emva koko, umenzi wezandla usebenzisa izixhobo zesiqhelo zokugaya iinkuni ukucokisa iinkcukacha, ukongeza iimvakalelo ezithile, nokunika umsebenzi lowo uchukumiso olukhethekileyo lobuntu emva kokuba umatshini ugqibile umsebenzi osisiseko.

Le ndlela yentsebenziswano yonyusa kakhulu imveliso ngaphandle kokuthintela inkululeko yobugcisa. Ukuphuhlisa Iimbono Zobuchule. Kubagqwesi bemveli, itekhnoloji ye-CNC inokusebenza njengesixhobo esisebenzayo soyilo.

Phambi kokuba bazibophelele ekukrolweni ngezandla okufuna umsebenzi omninzi, kubenza bakwazi ukuzama iijometri ezintsonkothileyo, ukubona iimilo ngokuchaneke ngakumbi, nokuvelisa iiprototypes. Iidizayini ezinamabhongo nezobuchule ezithe zazinokuba nzima kakhulu okanye zithathe ixesha elide ukuzama ngezandla zinokuvela kule nkqubo yoyilo ephindaphindwayo. imfundo kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono.

Ukufakwa kobuchwepheshe be-CNC kwiikharityhulam zomsebenzi wamaplanga nako kuyakhula. Isizukulwana esitsha saboosonkontileka abanezakhono zokudibanisa ubuchwepheshe nobugcisa siyakhuliswa ngabasebenzi bamaplanga bale mihla abaqeqeshelwa ngakumbi kuyilo lwedijithali nakwizakhono zesandla zemveli. Olu lwazi lwezakhono zombini luqinisekisa ukuba iziseko zomsebenzi wamaplanga ziyalondolozwa endaweni yokuba zinciphiswe zizakhono ezitsha.

Xa kuthelekiswa i-CNC nokukrola iinkuni kwesiqhelo, kuvela iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kodwa ezisebenza ngokulinganayo ekubunjweni kweenkuni. Ukukrola kwesiqhelo kuvelisa iziqwenga ezizodwa, ezinomphefumlo ngokuhlonipha isandla somntu, isakhono somntu ngamnye, kunye nobuhle bendalo bokungagqibeleli. Ukukrola nge-CNC kuvelisa iziphumo ezingenasiphako ngokwezibalo nezifanayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba igqibelele kwiijometri ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemveliso eninzi. Ikwakhuthaza ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuphinda-phindwa.

Ikamva elinethemba kakhulu kwishishini lokusebenza ngomthi mhlawumbi liquka ukudityaniswa okuvumelanayo kwezi ndlela zombini, okuvumela abasebenzi bezandla ukuba basebenzise itekhnoloji ngelixa begcina ubugcisa obungaphelelwayo bezandla zomntu. Olu bambiswano kulindeleke ukuba lwandise imida yamandla okukrola ngomthi kwaye luvule iindlela ezintsha zokuyila.
.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni ukukrola nge-CNC?

Ukukrola nge-CNC, okanye ukukrola ngolawulo lwenani ngekhompyutha, yinkqubo yokusebenzisa umatshini olawulwa yikhompyutha ukukrola iidizayini emthini okanye kwezinye izinto. Lo matshini ulandela ifayile yedizayini yedijithali ukuze ukrolole ngokuchanekileyo ipateni okanye imilo efunwayo.

Yintoni imisebenzi yobugcisa yokukrola emithi yesiqhelo?

Ukukrola iinkuni ngokwesiqhelo kubandakanya ukusebenzisa izixhobo zesandla ezifana neetshizeli, iigawu, kunye neentsimbi zokukrola ukuze kukrolwe iidizayini emthini. Le ndlela ifuna ubuchule obuphezulu kwaye inokuba yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elide.

Zeziphi iingenelo zokukrola nge-CNC xa kuthelekiswa nokukrola umthi kwesiqhelo?

Ukukrola nge-CNC kunika ukuchaneka nokuphindaphindeka, nto leyo evumela iidizayini ezintsonkothileyo nezirhabaxa ukuba zikrolwe ngokulula. Ikwa kunciphisa isidingo somsebenzi wezandla kwaye inokuvelisa iziphumo ezifanayo.

Zeziphi iingenelo zokukrola umthi ngesandla xa kuthelekiswa nokukrola nge-CNC?

Ukukrola kwemithi kwesintu kuvumela indlela yokwenza ngezandla nenobugcisa, kunika imvakalelo yobuchule nobugcisa enokungabikho ekukrolweni nge-CNC. Kukwavumela ubuchule bokuyila obukhulu nokwenza izinto ngokungacwangciswanga kwinkqubo yokukrola.

Yeyiphi indlela engcono kule projekthi ethile?

Ukukhetha phakathi kokukrola nge-CNC nokukrola iinkuni kwesintu kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi. Ukukrola nge-CNC kulungele kakhulu ukuveliswa kwenani elikhulu kunye noyilo oluntsonkothileyo, ngelixa ukukrola iinkuni kwesintu kusenokukhethwa kwizinto zobugcisa ezizodwa nezifuna ukuchintshwa ngesandla.